Skip to main content

Australia’s trusted immunisation experts

  • ausvax
  • paeds
  • skai
NCIRS logo NCIRS logo

Main navigation

  • For health professionals
    • Australian Immunisation Handbook
    • Immunisation coverage data and reports
    • Education and training
    • History of immunisation
    • Immunisation schedules
    • National and international resources
    • NCIRS fact sheets, FAQs and other resources
    • NCIRS webinar series
    • Patient communication resources
    • Specialist immunisation services
    • SKAI - supporting health professionals
    • NCIRS newsletters
    • Vaccine safety

    22 May 2026 | NewsAustralia is battling its worst diphtheria outbreak in decades. But vaccines could curb itRead the full article

  • For the public
    • Immunisation schedules
    • Immunisation records
    • Influenza vaccination information for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
    • MMRV vaccine decision aid
    • HPV vaccination
    • No Jab No Pay, No Jab No Play
    • SKAI - supporting communities
    • Strategies to increase vaccination uptake
    • Travel vaccination
    • Vaccination from community pharmacy
    • Vaccine safety
  • Our work
    • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander immunisation
    • Australian Immunisation Handbook
    • AusVaxSafety
    • Clinical research
    • COSSI
    • COVID-19
    • Disease surveillance and epidemiology
    • Education and training
    • Global Health
    • National Vaccination Insights project
    • New South Wales Immunisation Specialist Service (NSWISS)
    • Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS)
    • PHN Immunisation Support program
    • Population health
    • Program evaluation
    • Research to inform policy
    • Sharing Knowledge About Immunisation (SKAI)
    • Serosurveillance
    • Social science in immunisation
    • Vaccine coverage
    • Vaccine safety
    • Publications
      • Publications
      • Reports
      • News & events
      • About us
        • Our vision, purpose and values
        • Funding and governance
        • Our history
        • Our collaborators
        • Our people
        • Join our team
        • NCIRS 25 Year Anniversary Showcase live stream
      Search
      • For health professionals
        • Australian Immunisation Handbook
        • Immunisation coverage data and reports
        • Education and training
        • History of immunisation
        • Immunisation schedules
        • National and international resources
        • NCIRS fact sheets, FAQs and other resources
        • NCIRS webinar series
        • Patient communication resources
        • Specialist immunisation services
        • SKAI - supporting health professionals
        • NCIRS newsletters
        • Vaccine safety
      • For the public
        • Immunisation schedules
        • Immunisation records
        • Influenza vaccination information for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people
        • MMRV vaccine decision aid
        • HPV vaccination
        • No Jab No Pay, No Jab No Play
        • SKAI - supporting communities
        • Strategies to increase vaccination uptake
        • Travel vaccination
        • Vaccination from community pharmacy
        • Vaccine safety
      • Our work
        • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander immunisation
        • Australian Immunisation Handbook
        • AusVaxSafety
        • Clinical research
        • COSSI
        • COVID-19
        • Disease surveillance and epidemiology
        • Education and training
        • Global Health
        • National Vaccination Insights project
        • New South Wales Immunisation Specialist Service (NSWISS)
        • Paediatric Active Enhanced Disease Surveillance (PAEDS)
        • PHN Immunisation Support program
        • Population health
        • Program evaluation
        • Research to inform policy
        • Sharing Knowledge About Immunisation (SKAI)
        • Serosurveillance
        • Social science in immunisation
        • Vaccine coverage
        • Vaccine safety
      • Publications
        • Publications
        • Reports
      • News & events
      • About us
        • Our vision, purpose and values
        • Funding and governance
        • Our history
        • Our collaborators
        • Our people
        • Join our team
        • NCIRS 25 Year Anniversary Showcase live stream
      • Join our team
      • Publications
      • Reports
      • Contact
      • Browse our initiatives
        • ausvax
        • paeds
        • skai
      Liu B, Scaria A, Stepien S, Macartney K Full text Annual coverage report COVID-19 Immunisation coverage Social research Special risk groups 2025
      Description
      Medical Journal of Australia 2025;223:418-422. doi: 10.5694/mja2.70015.
      • 6 views
      NCIRS

      Kids Research, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network,
      Cnr Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St,
      Westmead Locked Bag 4001,
      Westmead NSW 2145
      ABN 53 188 579 090

      Contact Us Careers

      vaccine

      Our website meets the criteria for credibility and content as defined by the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety.

      Affiliated with:

      Subscribe to our newsletter for immunisation professionals

      Stay updated with the latest from NCIRS

      Sign Up

      We acknowledge that the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) is on the land of the traditional owners the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the First Australians, and recognise their culture, history, diversity and their deep connection to the land. Together, through research and partnership, we aim to move to a place of equity for all. NCIRS also acknowledges and pays respect to other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nations from which our research, staff and community are drawn.

      Copyright © 2026 NCIRS. All rights reserved

      Navigate

      • Disclaimer
      • Copyright
      • Privacy
      • Accessibility
      • Contact Us
      • Disclaimer
      • Copyright
      • Privacy
      • Accessibility

      Subscribe to our newsletter for immunisation professionals

      Stay updated with the latest from NCIRS

      Sign Up

      NCIRS, Kids Research, Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Cnr Hawkesbury Rd & Hainsworth St, Westmead Locked Bag 4001, Westmead NSW 2145 Tel (612) 9845 1433  |  Fax (612) 9845 1418  |  ABN 53 188 579 090

      Our website meets the criteria for credibility and content as defined by the Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety.

      We acknowledge that the National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance (NCIRS) is on the land of the traditional owners the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, the First Australians, and recognise their culture, history, diversity and their deep connection to the land. Together, through research and partnership, we aim to move to a place of equity for all. NCIRS also acknowledges and pays respect to other Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nations from which our research, staff and community are drawn.

      Affiliated with: