Decision aid (5–15 years): risks and benefits

Walter EB, Talaat KR, Sabharwal C, et al. Evaluation of the BNT162b2 covid-19 vaccine in children 5 to 11 years of age. N Engl J Med 2021 (published online 9 Nov). doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2116298
Woodworth KR, Moulia D, Collins JP, et al. The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices' Interim Recommendation for Use of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in Children Aged 5-11 Years - United States, November 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(45):1579-1583. Published 2021 Nov 12. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm7045e1
Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). Clinical guidance for COVID-19 vaccine providers. Διαθέσιμο από: https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/advice-for-providers/clinical-guidance accessed February 2022.
Australian Technical Advisory Group on immunisation. ATAGI recommendations on the use of the paediatric Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine in children aged 5 to 11 years in Australia. Dec 2021. Διαθέσιμο από: https://www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/atagi-recommendations-on-pfizer-covid-19-vaccine-use-in-children-aged-5-to-11-years accessed Feburary 2022.
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance. AusVaxSafety. 2022. https://www.ausvaxsafety.org.au/ accessed March 2022.
Garazzino S, et al. Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25, 2000600 (2020), https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.18.2000600
Jones, J. 2021. Epidemiology of COVID-19 in Children Aged 5 – 11 years. CDC ACIP Meeting. November 2, 2021. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2021-11-2-3/03-COVID-Jefferson-508.pdf
Bhopal SS, Bagaria J, Olabi B, Bhopal R. Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2021. 1;5(5):e12-3.
Delahoy MJ, Ujamaa D, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Anglin O, Burns E, Cummings C, Holstein R, Kambhampati AK, Milucky J, Patel K. Hospitalizations associated with COVID-19 among children and adolescents—COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1, 2020–August 14, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021 Sep 10;70(36):1255.
Mansourian M, Ghandi Y, Habibi D, Mehrabi S. COVID-19 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and laboratory findings. Arch Pediatr. 2021. 28(3):242-248.
Viner RM, Ward JL, Hudson LD, Ashe M, Patel SV, Hargreaves D, Whittaker E. Systematic review of reviews of symptoms and signs of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2020:17:archdischild-2020-320972.
Shimabukuro, T. (2021). Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine — United States, December 14–23, 2020. American Journal of Transplantation, 21(3), 1332–1337. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16516
Unicef. Child mortality and COVID-19. 2021. Διαθέσιμο από: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/covid-19/ Accessed January 2022
Wang L, Berger NA, Kaelber DC, Davis PB, Volkow ND, Xu R. Comparison of outcomes from COVID infection in pediatric and adult patients before and after the emergence of Omicron. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Jan 2:2021.12.30.21268495.
Hoang A et al. COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review. E Clinical Medicine 2020;24:100433.
Ibrahim et al. The characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-positive children who presented to Australian hospitals during 2020: a PREDICT network study. Med J Aust. 2021;215(5):217-221.
Williams at al. COVID-19 in children in NSW, Australia, during the 2021 Delta outbreak: Severity and Disease spectrum. medRxiv 2021.12.27.21268348.
Turner PJ et al. COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: a statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2021 Feb 3:100517. https://www.worldallergyorganizationjournal.org/article/S1939-4551(21)00011-9/fulltext
Borch, L., Holm, M., Knudsen, M. et al. Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Pediatr (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04345-z
Hause AM, Baggs J, Marquez P, Myers TR, Gee J, Su JR, Zhang B, Thompson D, Shimabukuro TT, Shay DK. COVID-19 Vaccine Safety in Children Aged 5–11 Years—United States, November 3–December 19, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021 Dec 31;70(5152):1755.
Murdoch Children’s Research Institute. COVID-19 and Children’s Surveillance Report Number 11. Συντάχθηκε: 08 March 2022. Διαθέσιμο από: https://www.mcri.edu.au/sites/default/files/media/documents/covid-19_and_childrens_surveillance_report_11_080322.pdf

关于5-11岁辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗

由辉瑞和BioNTech制造的疫苗称为“Comirnaty”，或BNT162b2，一般称为“辉瑞疫苗”。

这是一种mRNA疫苗，它利用来自病毒片段的基因序列训练儿童的免疫系统。基因序列很快被身体分解并清除。您的孩子不会因接种Comirnaty（辉瑞）疫苗而感染COVID-19。

COVID-19病毒的基因会不停轻微变化，产生变异株。疫苗作用于不同变异株的有效性有所不同。您的孩子仍有可能感染COVID-19。然而如果保持疫苗的最新接种状态，他们的病情会轻得多。^2-4

疫苗接种程序

您的孩子将接种两剂疫苗，时间间隔8周。^{3, 4}接种剂量为成人剂量的三分之一。^{3, 4}对于有重症医疗风险因素的儿童，注射间隔时间可酌情缩短。³

下表比较了感染COVID-19与接种辉瑞疫苗的风险。^5-21

人数百分比
人数

健康风险

感染COVID-19

人数百分比

人数

接种5-11岁辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗

5-11岁的症状

72%

每100人中有72人

31%

每100人中有31人

2-3 周

症状持续时间

1-3 天

+ 点击查看个别症状

0%

零

注射、疼痛、发红、肿胀

27%

每100人中有27人

47%

每100人中有47人

发烧

5%

每100人中有5人

64%

每100人中有64人

咳嗽

0%

零

19%

每100人中有19人

疲劳

15%

每100人中有15人

6%

每100人中有6人

肌肉或关节疼痛

8%

每100人中有8人

9%

每100人中有9人

呼吸急促

0%

零

33%

每100人中有33人

咽喉痛

0%

零

15%

每100人中有15人

头痛

11%

每100人中有11人

6%

每100人中有6人

恶心、呕吐、腹泻

4%

每100人中有4人

70%

每100人中有70人

流鼻涕/鼻塞

0%

零

多系统炎症系统

0.04%

每10,000人中有4人

0%

零

心肌炎

0.03%

每10,000人中有3人

0.0001%

百万1人中有1人

严重过敏反应

0%

零

0.0005%

百万1人中有5人

住院

0.002%

每100,000人中有2人

最高 0.0001%

百万1人中有1人

重症监护

没有当前数据

一个月后的症状

0.8%

每1,000人中有8人

0%

零

死亡

0.0002%

百万1人中有2人

0%

零

Frenck Jr RW, Klein NP, Kitchin N, et al. Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Adolescents. N Engl J Med. Published online 2021.
Olson SM, Newhams MM, Halasa NB, et al.; Overcoming COVID-19 Investigators. Effectiveness of Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccination against COVID-19 hospitalization among persons aged 12–18 Years–United States, June–September 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:1483–8. 10.15585/mmwr.mm7042e
Zambrano LD, Newhams MM, Olson SM, Halasa NB, Price AM, Boom JA, Sahni LC, Kamidani S, Tarquinio KM, Maddux AB, Heidemann SM. Effectiveness of BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccination against multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children among persons aged 12–18 years—United States, July–December 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2022 Jan 14;71(2):52.
Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). Clinical guidance for COVID-19 vaccine providers. Διαθέσιμο από: https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/advice-for-providers/clinical-guidance accessed February 2022.
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance. AusVaxSafety. 2021. https://www.ausvaxsafety.org.au/ accessed February 2022.
Therapeutic Goods Administration. 20221. COVID-19 vaccine weekly safety report. 10-02-2022. Διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.tga.gov.au/periodic/covid-19-vaccine-weekly-safety-report-10-02-2022.
Shimabukuro, T. (2021). Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine — United States, December 14–23, 2020. American Journal of Transplantation, 21(3), 1332–1337. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16516
Unicef. Child mortality and COVID-19. 2021. Διαθέσιμο από: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/covid-19/ Accessed January 2022
Garazzino S, et al. Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020. Eurosurveillance, 25, 2000600 (2020), https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.18.2000600
Bhopal SS, Bagaria J, Olabi B, Bhopal R. Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2021. 1;5(5):e12-3.
Delahoy MJ, Ujamaa D, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Anglin O, Burns E, Cummings C, Holstein R, Kambhampati AK, Milucky J, Patel K. Hospitalizations associated with COVID-19 among children and adolescents—COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1, 2020–August 14, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021 Sep 10;70(36):1255.
Mansourian M, Ghandi Y, Habibi D, Mehrabi S. COVID-19 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and laboratory findings. Arch Pediatr. 2021. 28(3):242-248.
Viner RM, Ward JL, Hudson LD, Ashe M, Patel SV, Hargreaves D, Whittaker E. Systematic review of reviews of symptoms and signs of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2020:17:archdischild-2020-320972.
Wang L, Berger NA, Kaelber DC, Davis PB, Volkow ND, Xu R. Comparison of outcomes from COVID infection in pediatric and adult patients before and after the emergence of Omicron. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Jan 2:2021.12.30.21268495.
Hoang A et al. COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review. E Clinical Medicine 2020;24:100433.
Ibrahim et al. The characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-positive children who presented to Australian hospitals during 2020: a PREDICT network study. Med J Aust. 2021;215(5):217-221.
Williams at al. COVID-19 in children in NSW, Australia, during the 2021 Delta outbreak: Severity and Disease spectrum. medRxiv 2021.12.27.21268348.
Turner PJ et al. COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: a statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2021 Feb 3:100517. https://www.worldallergyorganizationjournal.org/article/S1939-4551(21)00011-9/fulltext
Borch, L., Holm, M., Knudsen, M. et al. Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Pediatr (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04345-z

关于12-15岁辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗

由辉瑞和BioNTech制造的疫苗称为“Comirnaty”，或BNT162b2，一般称为“辉瑞疫苗”。

这是一种mRNA疫苗，它利用来自病毒片段的基因序列训练儿童的免疫系统。基因序列很快被身体分解并清除。您的孩子不会因接种Comirnaty（辉瑞）疫苗而感染COVID-19。

COVID-19病毒的基因会不停轻微变化，产生变异株。疫苗作用于不同变异株的有效性有所不同。您的孩子仍有可能感染COVID-19。然而如果保持疫苗的最新接种状态，他们的病情会轻得多。^2-4

疫苗接种程序

您的孩子将接种两剂疫苗，时间间隔^3-6周。⁴接种剂量与成人剂量相同。

下表比较了感染COVID-19与接种辉瑞疫苗的风险。^5-21

人数百分比
人数

健康风险

感染COVID-19

人数百分比

人数

接种12-15岁辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗

12-15岁的症状

72%

每100人中有72人

31%

每100人中有31人

2-3 周

症状持续时间

1-3 天

+ 点击查看个别症状

0%

零

注射、疼痛、发红、肿胀

37%

每100人中有37人

47%

每100人中有47人

发烧

17%

每100人中有17人

64%

每100人中有64人

咳嗽

0%

零

19%

每100人中有19人

疲劳

38%

每100人中有38人

6%

每100人中有6人

肌肉或关节疼痛

24%

每100人中有24人

9%

每100人中有9人

呼吸急促

0%

零

33%

每100人中有33人

咽喉痛

0%

零

15%

每100人中有15人

头痛

34%

每100人中有34人

6.000000

每100人中有6人

恶心、呕吐、腹泻

11%

每100人中有11人

70%

每100人中有70人

流鼻涕/鼻塞

0%

零

多系统炎症系统

0.03%

每10,000人中有3人

0%

零

心肌炎

0.3%

每10,000人中有30人

0.011%

每10,000人中有11人

严重过敏反应

0%

零

0.0005%

百万1人中有5人

住院

0.06%

每10,000人中有6人

最高 0.011%

每10,000人中有11人

重症监护

0.01%

每10,000人中有1人

没有当前数据

一个月后的症状

0.8%

每1,000人中有8人

0%

零

死亡

0.0002%

百万1人中有2人

0%

零

Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI). Clinical guidance for COVID-19 vaccine providers. Διαθέσιμο από: https://www.health.gov.au/initiatives-and-programs/covid-19-vaccines/advice-for-providers/clinical-guidance accessed February 2022.
Australian Government Department of Health. Coronavirus (COVID-19) case numbers and statistics; Available from: https://www.health.gov.au/health-alerts/covid-19/case-numbers-and-statistics#at-a-glance Accessed February 2022.
National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance. AusVaxSafety. 2021. https://www.ausvaxsafety.org.au/ accessed January 2022.
Therapeutic Goods Administration. 2022. COVID-19 vaccine weekly safety report. 10-02-2022. Διαθέσιμο στο: https://www.tga.gov.au/periodic/covid-19-vaccine-weekly-safety-report-10-02-2022.
Therapeutic Goods Administration. 2021. Consumer Medical information; Spikevax. https://www.ebs.tga.gov.au/ebs/picmi/picmirepository.nsf/pdf?OpenAgent&id=CP-2021-CMI-01982-1
Unicef. Child mortality and COVID-19. 2021. Διαθέσιμο από: https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-survival/covid-19/ Accessed January 2022
Williams P, et al. COVID-19 in children in NSW, Australia, during the 2021 Delta outbreak: Severity and Disease spectrum. MedRxiv 2021.12.27.21268348; Multicentre Italian study of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children and adolescents, preliminary data as at 10 April 2020
Garazzino S, et al. Eurosurveillance, 25, 2000600 (2020), https://doi.org/10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.18.2000600
Mansourian M, Ghandi Y, Habibi D, Mehrabi S. COVID-19 infection in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical features and laboratory findings. Arch Pediatr. 2021 Apr;28(3):242-248.
Viner RM, Ward JL, Hudson LD, Ashe M, Patel SV, Hargreaves D, Whittaker E. Systematic review of reviews of symptoms and signs of COVID-19 in children and adolescents. Arch Dis Child. 2020 Dec 17:archdischild-2020-320972.
Shimabukuro, T. (2021). Allergic reactions including anaphylaxis after receipt of the first dose of Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine — United States, December 14–23, 2020. American Journal of Transplantation, 21(3), 1332–1337. https://doi.org/10.1111/ajt.16516
Bhopal SS, Bagaria J, Olabi B, Bhopal R. Children and young people remain at low risk of COVID-19 mortality. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2021. 1;5(5):e12-3.
Delahoy MJ, Ujamaa D, Whitaker M, O'Halloran A, Anglin O, Burns E, Cummings C, Holstein R, Kambhampati AK, Milucky J, Patel K. Hospitalizations associated with COVID-19 among children and adolescents—COVID-NET, 14 states, March 1, 2020–August 14, 2021. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2021 Sep 10;70(36):1255.
Wang L, Berger NA, Kaelber DC, Davis PB, Volkow ND, Xu R. Comparison of outcomes from COVID infection in pediatric and adult patients before and after the emergence of Omicron. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022 Jan 2:2021.12.30.21268495.
Hoang A et al. COVID-19 in 7780 pediatric patients: A systematic review. EClinicalMedicine 2020;24:100433.
Ibrahim et al. The characteristics of SARS-CoV-2-positive children who presented to Australian hospitals during 2020: a PREDICT network study. Med J Aust. 2021;215(5):217-221.
Williams at al. COVID-19 in children in NSW, Australia, during the 2021 Delta outbreak: Severity and Disease spectrum. medRxiv 2021.12.27.21268348. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamacardiology/fullarticle/2781601?guestAccessKey=670d2622-c08d-4b8f-b1b8-114257a07e18
Turner PJ, Ansotegui IJ, Campbell DE, Cardona V, Ebisawa M, Yehia EG, Fineman S, Geller M, Gonzalez-Estrada A, Greenberger PA, Leung AS. COVID-19 vaccine-associated anaphylaxis: a statement of the World Allergy Organization Anaphylaxis Committee. World Allergy Organization Journal. 2021 Feb 3:100517.
Borch, L., Holm, M., Knudsen, M. et al. Long COVID symptoms and duration in SARS-CoV-2 positive children — a nationwide cohort study. Eur J Pediatr (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-021-04345-z

关于12-15岁莫德纳疫苗

由莫德纳开发的疫苗称为“Spikevax”或“莫德纳疫苗”。

这是一种mRNA疫苗，它利用来自病毒片段的基因序列训练儿童的免疫系统。基因序列很快被身体分解并清除。您的孩子不会因接种Spikevax（莫德纳）疫苗感染COVID-19。

COVID-19病毒的基因会不停轻微变化，产生变异株。疫苗作用于不同变异株的有效性有所不同。您的孩子仍有可能感染COVID-19。然而如果保持疫苗的最新接种状态，他们的病情会轻得多。¹

疫苗接种程序

您的孩子将接种两剂疫苗，时间间隔4-6周。¹

下表比较了感染COVID-19与接种莫德纳疫苗的风险。^1-19

人数百分比
人数

健康风险

感染COVID-19

人数百分比

人数

接种12-15岁莫德纳疫苗

12-15岁的症状

72%

每100人中有72人

61%

每100人中有61人

2-3 周

症状持续时间

1-3 天

+ 点击查看个别症状

0%

零

注射、疼痛、发红、肿胀

27%

每100人中有27人

47%

每100人中有47人

发烧

6%

每100人中有6人

64%

每100人中有64人

咳嗽

0%

零

19%

每100人中有19人

疲劳

22%

每100人中有22人

6%

每100人中有6人

肌肉或关节疼痛

18%

每100人中有18人

9%

每100人中有9人

呼吸急促

0%

零

33%

每100人中有33人

咽喉痛

0%

零

15%

每100人中有15人

头痛

18%

每100人中有18人

6%

每100人中有6人

恶心、呕吐、腹泻

7%

每100人中有7人

70%

每100人中有70人

流鼻涕/鼻塞

0%

零

多系统炎症系统

0.03%

每10,000人中有3人

0%

零

心肌炎

0.3%

每10,000人中有30人

0.014%

每10,000人中有11人

严重过敏反应

0%

零

0.0003%

百万1人中有3人

住院

0.06%

每10,000人中有6人

最高 -0.014

每10,000人中有14人

重症监护

0.01%

每10,000人中有1人

没有当前数据

一个月后的症状

0.8%

每1,000人中有8人

0%

零

死亡

0.0002%

百万1人中有2人

0%

零

比较风险和益处

您想详细了解哪种疫苗？

5-11岁辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗

12-15岁辉瑞/BioNTech疫苗

12-15岁莫德纳疫苗

健康风险

健康风险

健康风险

+ 参考文献